A recent investigation by the Indian Council of Medical Research has unveiled a concerning reality: over 33 per cent of Indians grapple with prehypertension, marking an alarming rise in elevated blood pressure levels. This condition, if left unchecked, often escalates to full-fledged hypertension, posing grave risks such as kidney ailments, cardiac complications, and potentially fatal strokes. Medical experts underscore the urgency of addressing this burgeoning health
issue, emphasising the imperative of early intervention and proactive measures to mitigate the progression towards hypertension and its deleterious consequences on public health.
Hypertension, also termed high blood pressure, signifies a persistent elevation in arterial blood pressure. There are four delineated stages of hypertension. Stage 1, commonly known as Prehypertension, ranges from 120/80 to 139/89. Moving further, Stage 2, or Mild Hypertension, spans from 140/90 to 159/99. In the spectrum of severity, Stage 3, characterised as Moderate Hypertension, extends from 160/100 to 179/109. Finally, Stage 4, denoted as Severe Hypertension, manifests at 180/110 or higher. These stages offer a framework for understanding and managing this prevalent cardiovascular condition.
Hypertension poses a significant health challenge in India, affecting both rural and urban populations. According to 2014 data, around 25% of rural Indians and 33% of urban dwellers are hypertensive. Despite its prevalence, awareness remains lacking, with only 25% of rural and 42% of urban individuals aware of their hypertensive status.
One of the challenges in managing hypertension is its asymptomatic nature, earning it the moniker "silent killer." Nearly one-third of those affected remain unaware until complications arise in vital organs such as the heart, kidneys, or brain. Thus, recognising early signs is crucial. Symptoms may include persistent headaches, blurred vision, dizziness, and nosebleeds. Additionally, chest pain, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat may signify elevated blood pressure levels. Recognising these signs prompts timely intervention, reducing the risk of severe complications. Regular blood pressure monitoring and adopting a healthy lifestyle are paramount. Emphasising awareness and early detection empowers individuals to take proactive steps towards managing hypertension effectively. By fostering a culture of vigilance and self-care, we can mitigate the silent threat posed by high blood pressure and safeguard public health.
Multiple factors contribute to the likelihood of developing high blood pressure. A prominent determinant is genetic predisposition, with a family history of hypertension serving as a significant risk indicator. Moreover, age plays a crucial role, with men typically facing an increased risk after the age of 35, and women after 45. However, lifestyle choices also significantly influence susceptibility. Engaging in poor habits such as indulging in junk and processed foods, excessive alcohol consumption, regular smoking, leading a sedentary lifestyle, and enduring high levels of stress all contribute to heightened risk.
One of the critical challenges with high blood pressure is its often asymptomatic nature, allowing it to persist unnoticed for years. This silent progression underscores the importance of regular blood pressure monitoring. Early detection through routine checks enables timely intervention and management, reducing the risk of complications such as heart attacks and strokes. Therefore, prioritizing regular health assessments is paramount in safeguarding against the adverse effects of hypertension.
