Beware the Sneaky Invader: Human Metapneumovirus Mimics Cold Symptoms - Learn How to Defend!

Initially identified in 2001, cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) have recently surged in the United States this year. This virus is known to cause both upper and lower respiratory infections, exhibiting symptoms akin to a cold, flu, COVID-19, or Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).

Let’s discuss the virus, its symptoms, and preventive measures.

About Human Metapneumovirus

Human Metapneumovirus, a member of the Pneumoviridae family akin to RSV, measles, and mumps, is responsible for respiratory ailments such as pneumonia and exacerbations in conditions like asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This seasonal affliction typically emerges during the winter and early spring months, posing a significant health concern during this period. HMPV Epidemiology and Age Distribution Research published in StatPearls Publishing indicates that Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) typically manifests before the age of 5, with the possibility of reinfection throughout one's life. It predominantly afflicts the paediatric population, primarily children under 2 years old, with an average age of 22 months. This underscores its prevalence and impact in younger age groups. Respiratory System and Its Two Segments

The respiratory system comprises a sophisticated network of organs and tissues dedicated to facilitating the process of breathing. In addition to the lungs, this intricate system encompasses a series of airways and blood vessels.

The respiratory tract can be divided into two distinct sections: the upper respiratory tract, which encompasses the nose, nasal cavity, and pharynx, and the lower respiratory tract, encompassing the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

In instances where viruses and bacteria invade the respiratory system through the nose, pharynx, and nasal cavity, it results in an upper respiratory tract infection.

Conversely, a lower respiratory infection occurs when a virus directly impacts the lungs, giving rise to conditions such as acute bronchitis, pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/chronic bronchitis (AECB), and acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis. Maintaining a comprehensive understanding of these distinctions is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment within the realm of respiratory health.

Frequently Encountered HMPV Symptoms

HMPV exhibits symptoms akin to the common cold, including:

● Fever ● Sore throat ● Runny nose ● Cough ● Wheezing ● Dyspnea (shortness of breath) ● Rash

Failure to address the infection promptly can result in significant complications such as:

● Bronchiolitis ● Pneumonia ● Ear infection ● Bronchitis ● Asthma

How does the Virus Spread and Preventive Measures

HMVP is a contagious disease, primarily transmitted through direct contact with an infected individual or contact with contaminated surfaces, such as phones, keyboards, and door handles. The virus predominantly spreads via actions like coughing, sneezing, handshakes, or hugs. Therefore, preventive measures encompass:● Regularly washing hands with soap ● Using the elbow to cover the nose and mouth when sneezing ● Avoiding contact with individuals who are sick with colds or other contagious illnesses ● Ensuring proper hydration ● Wearing masks in public areas, particularly during periods of increased viral cases

Condition of Human Metapneumovirus In India India, despite constituting 18% of the global population afflicted by severe respiratory infections, exhibits a relatively lower incidence of HMPV compared to other viruses.

A study featured in the Journal Frontiers Microbiology revealed that HMPV prevalence in India remained modest in comparison to other viral agents until 2012, after which the number of confirmed cases displayed a gradual annual increase.

This virus tends to be more widespread in warmer regions, notably in South and West India. This underscores the intriguing dynamics of viral distribution within the country.